ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the comparative effectiveness of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) combined with docetaxel (DTX)-based chemotherapy in Korean and Japanese castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patient cohorts.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Metastatic CRPC patients who underwent more than three DTX-based chemotherapy cycles in Korea and Japan between 2002 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the DTX-only (DTX, n=30) and combination (DTX+ADT, n=46) groups. Progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated as the time from the start of chemotherapy to the occurrence of either disease progression (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] progression or radiographic progression) or death. The primary end point was PFS and the secondary end point was overall survival (OS).RESULTS: In the DTX and DTX+ADT groups, the median PFS was 6.0 and 11.0 months (log-rank p=0.053). The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the significant predicting factors of PFS were ADT administration (hazard ratio [HR], 0.478; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.284–0.804; p=0.005) and number of DTX-based chemotherapy cycles (HR, 0.934; 95% CI, 0.899–0.970; p<0.001). In the DTX and DTX+ADT groups, the median OS was 16.0 and 19.5 months (log-rank p=0.825). Through multiple Cox regression analysis, we found that the significant predicting factors of OS were the PSA nadir level (HR, 1.001; 95% CI, 1.000–1.002; p<0.001) and number of DTX-based chemotherapy cycles (HR, 0.932; 95% CI, 0.876–0.991; p=0.024).CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent DTX-based chemotherapy and ADT may be beneficial compared with DTX-based chemotherapy alone in chemotherapy-naïve metastatic CRPC patients in terms of the PFS, but not the OS.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>This study was performed to determine the effects of decreasing ambient temperature on peripheral blood flow and body temperature of males and females in a thermal neutral zone for references to the thermal standard of office workers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Peripheral blood flows of the hand and feet, and body temperatures and so on of male and female subjects were measured in a climatic chamber. Air temperature was maintained at 28.5°C at the beginning. After this, air temperature was decreased linearly to 21.0°C over a period of 60 minutes. Finally, air temperature was maintained at 21.0°C.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Blood flows and skin temperatures of male and female subjects became similar or showed no significant difference at beginning and the end of the experiment. Skin blood flow of the hand and skin temperatures of the hand and fingers decreased, and these values in females were lower than in males, when air temperature was decreased linearly in a thermal neutral zone. However, there were no remarkable differences between males and females in sublingual and mean skin temperatures during the experiment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Minimum air temperature at the thermal standard for offices in Japan is 17°C, which may be too low to be comfortable or neutral. Even in a neutral thermal condition, it is better that office workers are provided some protection such as a blanket or clothing, to protect peripheral body parts from cooling in winter, as there are individual differences in physiological thermal reactions.</p>
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study was performed to determine the effects of decreasing ambient temperature on peripheral blood flow and body temperature of males and females in a thermal neutral zone for references to the thermal standard of office workers. Methods: Peripheral blood flows of the hand and feet, and body temperatures and so on of male and female subjects were measured in a climatic chamber. Air temperature was maintained at 28.5°C at the beginning. After this, air temperature was decreased linearly to 21.0°C over a period of 60 minutes. Finally, air temperature was maintained at 21.0°C. Results: Blood flows and skin temperatures of male and female subjects became similar or showed no significant difference at beginning and the end of the experiment. Skin blood flow of the hand and skin temperatures of the hand and fingers decreased, and these values in females were lower than in males, when air temperature was decreased linearly in a thermal neutral zone. However, there were no remarkable differences between males and females in sublingual and mean skin temperatures during the experiment. Conclusion: Minimum air temperature at the thermal standard for offices in Japan is 17°C, which may be too low to be comfortable or neutral. Even in a neutral thermal condition, it is better that office workers are provided some protection such as a blanket or clothing, to protect peripheral body parts from cooling in winter, as there are individual differences in physiological thermal reactions.
Subject(s)
Temperature , Integumentary System , HandABSTRACT
Changes induced by physical training were examined by in vivo microdialysis monitoring of extracellular dopamine and its metabolites in the rat nucleus accumbens, and by an immunohistochemical staining for fos protein as an index of nerve cell excitation.<BR>The exercise training consisted of running on a treadmill 5 days/week for 4 weeks, with gradually increasing the running speed from 10 to 20 m/min for 20 min. The control group performed forced treadmill running for 3 days.<BR>The sulpiride-induced increase in both dopamine release and dopamine metabolism was significantly attenuated in the nucleus accumbens of training rats in comparison with the controls, which indicated that physical training induced subsensitive DA D<SUB>2</SUB> receptors in the central dopaminergic neurons.<BR>Fos protein expression following 1 h running was weaker in neurons of the raphe dorsalis, the locus ceruleus and the amygdala of trained rats than in those of controls. The present findings suggest that both neurochemical response to various stimuli, and adaptation induced by physical training differ from those in untrained animals.
ABSTRACT
The point test for evaluation of resistance to frostbite has been done in many fields; sports science, industrial hygiene, clinical medicine, research, etc. Shortening of the measurement time is necessary in fieldwork or mass test. While immersed the peripheral body parts in cold water, blood pressure response and change of blood circulation are important and meaningful.<BR>In this experiments, the method of a point test was discussed in relation to blood pressure response, heat flow and shortening of the test time from the practical viewpoint for measurement of resistance to frostbite. Following results were obtained.<BR>1) Even if immersed one finger in cold water, there was temporarily an increase in blood pressure. The indices of local cold resistance to frostbite in the group whose blood pressures increased to a higher degree with cold stress tended to be weaker than those of the other groups.<BR>2) The change in heat flow as an index of peripheral blood circulation occurred faster and larger than that in skin temperature. It may be useful to measure heat flow for the people whose has weak local cold resistance such as raynaud phenomenon.<BR>3) TTR and TFR in indices of a point test can be generally measured in 10 min after water immersion with the first occurrence of CIVD. Shortening of the test time was demanded in fieldwork or mass test. Correlation coefficient between MST and mean skin temperature after 15min (MST<SUB>5-15</SUB>) was higher (r>0.92) . The regression equation was MST=1.042M<SUB>5-15</SUB>+1.079. Therefore, even if the measurement time is 15 min, MST can be added for evaluation of resistance to frostbite in a point test.